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Description
| Class Summary | |
| Demo | Demonstrates the Frugal package. |
This is a trimmed-down and parallelized version of a Java research tool. This tool originally tested various resource allocation strategies on a cluster of six simulated machines. Running the demo, you can see both the Frugal package at work and a demonstration of its decision-making algorithms.
| PVM | Straight round-robin allocation of jobs. |
| Differential PVM | The Frugal strategy, without knowledge of the job's memory requirements. |
| Enhanced PVM | The Frugal strategy, with knowledge of the job's memory requirements. |
| Mosix | The strategy employed by a version of the Mosix operating system, which can move jobs as they run from one machine to another. |
| Enhanced Mosix | The Frugal strategy, given Mosix's ability to move jobs from one machine to another. |
If a job using the Frugal package runs in a series of steps, each step can ask for a new Frugal Resource. This gives some of the benefit of the last two strategies. Effectively, the job moves itself during execution to a less loaded machine.
The Frugal Demo simulates a cluster of 6 machines. Three are identical. Two are older machines, with half the power and memory. One is older yet, with 1/3 the power and 24/64th the memory of the strongest machines. This matches the cluster in the lab when the first experiments with Frugal's internal strategies were performed.
The demo simulates 10,000 seconds, during which jobs arrive at a fast clip. Most of the jobs are reasonably small, although on occasion a batch of large parallel jobs arrives simultaneously. After 10,000 seconds, no further jobs come in. The scenario continues until the last job leaves the system, which can be almost immediate or a very long (simulated) time. Expect a scenario's execution to take a few real-time minutes -- sometimes less, sometimes more. Only 50 random scenarios are executed, so there is some variability in the results -- the Frugal framework's "edge" over other strategies increases with the average load.
With an option of the form "-v #", with # between 1 and 5, it graphically displays the performance of # strategies. Otherwise, you will see only text updates and output.
With an option of the form "-r #", with # between 1 and 5, it tests scenarios on # Frugal Resources simultaneously. Otherwise, it runs as a serial application that does not use RMI, Jini, or the Frugal package.
FrugalDemo also prints out a "snapshot" every 5 seconds. It gives you the current simulated time. It lists the number of jobs on all machines in each strategy. Even though jobs arrive at the same time in all strategies, different strategies finish jobs at a different rate. The more efficient a strategy is, the fewer jobs it will have on its system on average.
FrugalDemo also notes its start time in milliseconds and tells you when it deletes an old results file or starts a new execution. Early output might look like:
Running a Demo Worker.
Snapshot, Local Resource, t = 1700 seconds:
(PVM Method) 32 jobs on 6 machines.
(Differential PVM Method) 33 jobs on 6 machines.
(Enhanced PVM Method) 35 jobs on 6 machines.
(Mosix Method) 32 jobs on 6 machines.
(Enhanced Mosix Method) 33 jobs on 6 machines.
Snapshot, Local Resource, t = 4720 seconds:
(PVM Method) 67 jobs on 6 machines.
(Differential PVM Method) 74 jobs on 6 machines.
(Enhanced PVM Method) 65 jobs on 6 machines.
(Mosix Method) 61 jobs on 6 machines.
(Enhanced Mosix Method) 60 jobs on 6 machines.
Differential PVM Method
Current execution 2.3819444444444446 | 0.6957403651115619
Overall, Differential PVM Method achieves 3.0635893246187362 | 0.9209015502752824 (for 416/280 jobs)
Enhanced PVM Method
Current execution 3.423611111111111 | 1.0
Overall, Enhanced PVM Method achieves 3.3372821350762525 | 1.0 (for 416/280 jobs)
Mosix Method
Current execution 2.611111111111111 | 0.7626774847870182
Overall, Mosix Method achieves 2.7576252723311545 | 0.827142494929006 (for 416/280 jobs)
Enhanced Mosix Method
Current execution 3.0902777777777777 | 0.9026369168356998
Overall, Enhanced Mosix Method achieves 2.7359749455337687 | 0.8187361151357093 (for 416/280 jobs)
Averaged over all executions so far -- 2, in this case -- Mosix jobs experience a slowdown of 2.7576. This is about 82.71% of the slowdown for Enhanced PVM. That's the "Overall" line.
Interpret (for X/Y jobs) as follows:
X, the first number, is the total number of jobs seen so far. (416)
Y, the second number, is the number of jobs in this particular execution. (280)
[start] java -cp
/files/jini1_1/lib/jini-core.jar:
/files/jini1_1/lib/jini-ext.jar:
/files/jini1_1/lib/sun-util.jar:
/files/jini1_1/lib/reggie.jar:
/files/Frugal/FrugalDemo.jar
-Djava.security.policy=/files/Frugal/yourpolicy
edu.jhu.cnds.FrugalDemo.Demo
-v 2 [&]
Use [start] on Windows machines and [&] on UNIX machines.
Invoked this way, the FrugalDemo package does not use parallelization or Jini.
It will test 5 different resource allocation methods on a cluster
of six machines, each method given an identical random streams of jobs. It
opens a graphical display window for 2 methods, PVM and Enhanced Mosix,
showing jobs as they arrive and move around the system. This should give
a feel for the way the research tool works.
java -cp
/files/jini1_1/lib/jini-core.jar:
/files/jini1_1/lib/jini-ext.jar:
/files/jini1_1/lib/sun-util.jar:
/files/jini1_1/lib/reggie.jar:
/files/Frugal/FrugalDemo.jar
-Djava.rmi.server.codebase=http://yourname.com/Frugal/FrugalDemo.jar
-Djava.security.manager=java.rmi.RMISecurityManager
-Djava.security.policy=/files/Frugal/yourpolicy
edu.jhu.cnds.FrugalDemo.Demo
-r 3
This starts up the FrugalDemo package, telling it to use 3 Frugal Resources and to display no
graphical windows. You will see 3 updates every 5 seconds, one from each resource. At
first, they will be synchronized. As scenario executions complete and new scenarios start
asynchronously, the updates will drift out of lockstep.
Author: R. Sean Borgstrom
Version: 2.0
Copyright (c) 2000, The Johns Hopkins University All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of the Johns Hopkins University nor the names of this product's contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * The Frugal System's development was partially funded by a grant from the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to Johns Hopkins University. The U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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